Solar Pumping Systems

    Pumps are devices that use energy to raise, transport, or compress fluids. Pumps are divided into two main categories, Positive Displacement Pumps and Dynamic Pumps. They also have many types.

1. Positive Displacement Pump: Pumps in which displacement is accomplished mechanically are called positive displacement pumps. There are many types of Displacement Pumps.
   a. Diaphragm pumps
   b. Gear pumps
   c. Peristaltic pumps
   d. Cam pumps
   e. Piston pumps
2. Dynamic Pump: Kinetic pumps impart kinetic energy to the fluid using a rapidly rotating impeller. There are many types of Dynamic Pumps.
   a. Centrifugal pumps
   b. Vertical Pumps

    All these types of pumps have their specific pumping fluid nature (i.e. viscosity, density), fluid pressure, and flow rate. Hence their application is also different.

    Depending upon the installation locations pumps are of two types, pumps that are installed on the surface and pumps that are submerged under fluid.

1. Surface Pumps: Surface water pumps A surface water pump helps in pumping out water from a water body, like a well, or a river, and transports it to different destinations.
   
   
   
   
   

1. Submersible Pumps: A submersible pump, also known as an electrical submersible pump, is a water pump that is completely submerged in the water and can be used for a variety of applications. The electric motor used in the process is hermetically sealed and also close-coupled to the pump. One of the major advantages of a submersible pump is that it does not require priming because it has already been submerged in the liquid.
   
   
   
   
   

    Solar Pumping Systems are nowadays very common. SPV modules are used to run pumps to get water. Depending on  These systems come in two types. one with Submersible pumps and one with surface pumps. 

    Most of the time pumps run with AC power. On the other hand, SPV modules provide us with DC. To integrate them together one VFD-based pump controller is used. Sometimes these controller comes with AC power input terminals, and they can be run using AC Power at night also. They also can be equipped with a float switch so that the pump can be turned on and off depending on the water level of the reserver, tank or borewell.

    Variable Frequency Drive: A variable-frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and, depending on the topology, to control associated voltage or current variation.

There are mainly two types of applications for solar pumping systems.

Solar Pumping for Irrigation where is taken from a borewell by a submersible pump or from a river, lake or pond-like waterbody by a surface pump and used for irrigation.

Solar Pumping System for Drinking Water Project. Where a submersible pump is used to pump groundwater and store it in a tank. Then after filtering the water, it can be used locally. Or using a surface pump it can be pumped to water distribution networks.

Reference:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump
2. https://www.britannica.com/technology/pump
3. https://www.haoshpump.com/different-types-of-pumps/
4. https://multiphase-corp.com/articles/types-of-pumps-and-their-working-principles/
5. https://www.cgglobal.com/our_business/Industrial/Drives-and-Automation/Industrial-Drives/Emotron-VSR-Solar-Drive
6. https://www.crompton.co.in/blogs/pumps/what-is-a-submersible-pump-understanding-its-working-and-applications
7. https://www.crigroups.com/pump/surface-water-pumps/